The Eisenhower Inheritance

Throughout the term so far as we have discussed the implications of the Internet Age on the US Constitution Eben has constantly reminded us that we are currently living in an age and time that is “beyond forgetting.” All of our e-mails, our Google searches, our online browsing and shopping habits, and even our movements in the real, physical world are being stored, and even more worryingly, analyzed. However, what strikes me as so ridiculously odd about all of this is that at the same time that people are getting in an uproar about [[http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/249374/bernerslee-phorm-is-like-a-tv-camera-in-your-room.html][behaviorally targeting advertising by companies such as Phorm and NebuAd? ] the vast majority of the internet using population seems to be blindly going about their business happily giving away tons of personal information without knowing or caring about what they are doing.

Today, we are constantly told to fear terrorism and now, cyber attacks as well. Just last year, Michael McConnell? —the US Director of National Intelligence—said that the, “threat of cyberarmageddon is so great that the U.S. government should have unfettered and warrantless access to U.S. citizens' Google search histories, private e-mails and file transfers, in order to spot the cyberterrorists in our midst.” Though the term “Cyberamageddon” seems more like something out of Die Hard 4 than a term one of our Nation’s top intelligence officials would use, it is perhaps the beginning of a new age and a new 21st century manifestation of the National Security State.

• Your topic isn't so much the military-industrial complex, as that closely-related phenomenon, the national security state. Relevantly, Eisenhower wasn't warning Americans about that, and he couldn't have done, because he regarded it as a necessity of the Cold War. His concern about the consequences for national strategy of the lobbying of arms manufacturers was an extension of the generals' concerns about "war profiteers" fifteen years earlier, and is distinct from your subject, which is less about the consequences for our rights of IBM or Google lobbying to sell more services and equipment to the spies, and more about the public's passive willingness to be spied on in the interest of "national security."

• That said, I think only minor revisions are necessary here, if you have no intention to go beyond the bounds of declaration: "The National Security State Did It." If you did mean to present some point beyond the accusation, it should be made more prominent.

Throughout the term so far as we have discussed the implications of the Internet Age on the US Constitution Eben has constantly reminded us that we are currently living in an age and time that is “beyond forgetting.” All of our e-mails, our Google searches, our online browsing and shopping habits, and even our movements in the real, physical world are being stored, and even more worryingly, analyzed. However, what strikes me as so ridiculously odd about all of this is that at the same time that people are getting in an uproar about behaviorally targeting advertising by companies such as Phorm and NebuAd the vast majority of the internet using population seems to be blindly going about their business happily giving away tons of personal information without knowing or caring about what they are doing.

When the question was brought up in class why more people do not seem to care about how much personal information they have already given away or how ludicrously simple it is for the government to subpoena this information from companies like Google the answer was that most people do not care because the vast majority of us are safe in the knowledge that it is not us who are being investigated or are going to be sent to Guantanamo Bay. My question then is where did this begin? When did this social heuristic of passively allowing and accepting this sort of invasion into and control over our personal lives begin to take over American society; and, were we ever really warned?

This is too broad a question to be completely addressed and answered in a paper of this length. However, given the recent inauguration of President Obama, it seems fitting to turn back to the farewell speech to the Nation given by President Eisenhower on January 17, 1961. This speech which would become known as the “Military-Industrial Complex Speech” conveyed to the nation a worried warning by arguably America’s last great Cincinnatus that, “Down the long lane of the history yet to be written America knows that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be instead, a proud confederation of mutual trust and respect.” Though he was talking in the context of the Cold War about the proliferation of arms and the potential power that lay in the hands of a large standing military and the companies that provided for it, Eisenhower’s words can be seen as the last clear warning to the American people, from their President, about just the sort of situation we have allowed ourselves to get into today.

In regards to this Military-Industrial Complex, Eisenhower told “his fellow Americans” that, “Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.” Where then is this same alert and knowledgeable citizenry today? Is an age that is beyond forgetting somehow unable to have liberty and security prosper side by side?

Part of the problem is that the conventional history that we were all taught in middle and high school, teaches that the Military-Industrial Complex invoked by Eisenhower and ramped up to full speed by Reagan helped us win the Cold War. The excessive level of military spending and fanciful projects like Star Wars bankrupted the Russians and forced Mr. Gorbachev to tear down that Wall. Today, the United States is still responsible for 45% of the world’s military spending, with the next four countries each accounting for only 4-5%. The Military-Industrial Complex we were supposed to question and keep in check—so that we might eventually disarm peacefully—has continued unabated even after its original goal has been accomplished.

However, currently, in addition to the dwindling threats of foreign invasions and two-front traditional wars, we are constantly told to fear terrorism and now, cyber attacks as well. Just last year, Michael McConnell? —the US Director of National Intelligence—said that the, “threat of cyberarmageddon is so great that the U.S. government should have unfettered and warrantless access to U.S. citizens' Google search histories, private e-mails and file transfers, in order to spot the cyberterrorists in our midst.” Though the term “Cyberamageddon” seems more like something out of Die Hard 4 than a term one of our Nation’s top intelligence officials would use, it is perhaps the beginning of a new age and a new 21st century Military-Industrial Complex.

We have discussed in class the brewing storm as the NSA is attempting to take over cyber security responsibilities from the DHS, and have read about the Obama administration is trying to kill a lawsuit to recover millions of missing email records from the Bush administration’s time in office (thereby holding the government to a different standard in terms of the invasion of their online privacy than the rest of us civilians). The end result it seems is the creation of a Technology-Political Complex for the 21st century that we are not being warned about and are not being told to question and monitor.

For the past 40 to 50 years our society has been on edge and scared. Yes, we have been the “most powerful nation on Earth” and a “Super Power” but we have also had an enemy that we were supposed to be afraid of. At first it was Communism and the USSR; then it was Terrorism and Al Qaeda; and now it is also Cyber Terrorism. Though the “online 9/11” that we have been warned about and that we are supposed to be scared of has not yet arrived, we, as a society, have gotten so used to living in fear, so used to putting our faith in the hands of the government and the Military-Industrial Complex as a sort of protective sigil and representation of the puissance of the American Way, that this new 21st century version of it seems like a natural next step. For many people, especially the generations that have not grown up with computers, the internet seemed like a fun and safe place. A place where you can find anything you wanted to buy, the answer to any question, and where you were free to roam unfettered. Now though we are being told that we face a thousand cyber enemies “global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. Unhappily the danger is poses promises to be of indefinite duration. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the burdens of a prolonged and complex struggle -- with liberty the stake. Only thus shall we remain, despite every provocation, on our charted course toward permanent peace and human betterment.” And so, as we let slip our duty to watch and police the first Military-Industrial Complex it has become a lot easier to do so again the second time around.

-- AlexLawrence - 14 Mar 2009

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